(Reasons for Judgment Reserved of The Honourable Mr. Justice Côté).

“The deceased accidentally crashed his aircraft and died. He had insurance with the respondent, whom his estate (the appellant) now sues. The defence was one exclusion clause in the insurance policy. [...] The policy states that it  ‘applies only if your aircraft is flown by an approved pilot . . . who has the required license . . . to fly . . .’ The deceased had been issued an appropriate pilot’s license. But his medical certificate had expired over a year before the accident”.

Gudzinski Estate v. Allianz Global Risks US Insurance Company Limited, 2012